يبدو ان شركة تويوتا عازمة على نقل سباق تطوير البطاريات إلى مرحلة جديدة، بطريقة مبتكرة تتيح اعادة شحنها خلال بضع دقائق، لتقدم تحولا نوعيا في السباق الذي يحتل صدارة جبهات ثورة المركبات الكهربائية، في وقت تزداد فيه ضغوط الهواجس البيئية.
وكشف عملاق تصنيع السيارات الياباني مؤخرا عن قربه من تحقيق اختراق في تطوير بطارية جديدة ذات حالة صلبة، يمكن لهذه البطارية مضاعفة مدى سير معظم السيارات الكهربائية إلى 1200 كيلومتر قبل إعادة شحنها خلال مدة عشر دقائق فقط.
ويعيب هذه البطاريات غالية الثمن ومن المرجح أن تظل كذلك لسنوات، كما أن هناك مشكلة توفير المعادن قد تكون تحديا آخر خاصة وأن الصين تهيمن على سوق الأتربة النادرة عالميا.
وتشير التقديرات إلى أن نطاق القيادة الحالي لمعظم السيارات الكهربائية يبلغ حوالي 482 كيلومترا قبل إعادة شحن البطارية.
ويبدو ان تويوتا، التي تعتبر أكبر شركة تصنيع للسيارات في العالم، تتطلع الآن إلى تعويض ما خسرته من زمن أمام تسلا الأميركية والمنافسين الصينيين مثل بي.واي.دي في سباق السيارات الكهربائية.
وكانت الشركة قد أعلنت في وقت سباق هذا الشهر دخولها في شراكة مع شركة تكرير النفط إدميتسو كوسان لتطوير وإنتاج بطاريات الحالة الصلبة بالكامل، في مثال آخر على الشراكات الجديدة التي يتم تشكيلها وسط التحول إلى السيارات الكهربائية.
وذكرت في بيان آنذاك أنها توصلت إلى “اختراق تكنولوجي” يعالج مشاكل المتانة في بطاريات الحالة الصلبة، وأنها “تطور وسائل لإنتاجها بكميات كبيرة”.
وتقوم إدميتسو كوسان، ثانية الشركات الكبرى لتكرير النفط في اليابان، بتطوير إلكتروليت الكبريتيد الصلب، وهي مادة تستخدم في البطاريات.
ويمكن لبطاريات الحالة الصلبة أن تحتوي على طاقة أكثر من بطاريات الإلكتروليت السائل الحالية، حيث يتوقع صانعو السيارات والمحللون أن تعمل هذه البطاريات على تسريع التحول إلى النقل النظيف.
وتخطط تويوتا لإدخال البطاريات، والتي “من شأنها أن تحسن بشكل كبير نطاق قيادة السيارات الكهربائية”، كجزء من المحور الإستراتيجي للمركبات الكهربائية الذي تم الإعلان عنه في يونيو الماضي.
وقال كوجي ساتو، الرئيس التنفيذي لتويوتا، “من خلال الجمع بين تقنيات تطوير المواد لكلا الشركتين، وتكنولوجيا تصنيع المواد من إدميتسو، وتكنولوجيا الإنتاج الضخم للبطاريات من تويوتا، سنشارك في إنتاج ضخم واسع النطاق لبطاريات الحالة الصلبة بالكامل”.
وتهدف الشركة إلى تسويق بطاريات الجيل التالي بحلول عام 2027 أو عام 2028 على أقصى تقدير، يليها الإنتاج الضخم على نطاق واسع.
ولا يزال نطاق البطارية ووقت الشحن يشكلان عائقًا أمام اعتماد السيارات الكهربائية على نطاق واسع، حيث يرفض المستهلكون فكرة قيادة عدد محدود من الأميال قبل قضاء وقت طويل في إعادة الشحن.
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